{"id":7108,"date":"2024-03-21T15:52:00","date_gmt":"2024-03-21T12:52:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.venitron.com\/blog\/?p=7108"},"modified":"2024-03-21T15:52:01","modified_gmt":"2024-03-21T12:52:01","slug":"dns-nedir-nasil-calisir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.venitron.com\/blog\/dns-nedir-nasil-calisir\/","title":{"rendered":"DNS Nedir? Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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DNS Temel \u0130\u015flevleri<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"DNS\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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DNS (Domain Name System), internet \u00fczerindeki alan adlar\u0131n\u0131 IP adreslerine \u00e7eviren bir sistemdir. Bu, insanlar\u0131n anlayabilece\u011fi alan adlar\u0131n\u0131 (\u00f6rne\u011fin, www.example.com) bilgisayarlar\u0131n anlayabilece\u011fi IP adreslerine (\u00f6rne\u011fin, 192.0.2.1) d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr. DNS’in temel i\u015flevleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>

  1. Alan Ad\u0131 \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleme<\/strong>: DNS’in ana i\u015flevi, alan adlar\u0131n\u0131 IP adreslerine \u00e7\u00f6zmektir. Bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 bir web sitesine eri\u015fmek istedi\u011finde, taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 alan ad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in bir DNS sorgusu g\u00f6nderir ve DNS sunucular\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla hedef web sitesinin IP adresini bulur.<\/li>
  2. IP Adresi Tersine \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleme<\/strong>: DNS ayr\u0131ca IP adreslerini alan adlar\u0131na \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemek i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu, bir IP adresi yerine bir alan ad\u0131 kullanarak bir hizmete eri\u015fmek istendi\u011finde i\u015fe yarar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir web sunucusunun IP adresini bilmeksizin ona eri\u015fmek i\u00e7in DNS’i kullanabiliriz.<\/li>
  3. E-posta Y\u00f6nlendirme<\/strong>: DNS, e-posta g\u00f6nderimini ve al\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bir e-posta g\u00f6nderildi\u011finde, DNS MX (Mail Exchange) kay\u0131tlar\u0131, postan\u0131n nereye y\u00f6nlendirilece\u011fini belirler.<\/li>
  4. Di\u011fer Kay\u0131tlar\u0131n Y\u00f6nlendirilmesi<\/strong>: DNS, alan adlar\u0131na \u00e7e\u015fitli di\u011fer kay\u0131tlar\u0131n ba\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bu, web sitesi bar\u0131nd\u0131rma, FTP eri\u015fimi, g\u00fcvenlik sertifikalar\u0131 ve di\u011fer hizmetler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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    DNS Sunucu T\u00fcrleri<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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    DNS sunucular\u0131, alan adlar\u0131n\u0131 IP adreslerine \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemek i\u00e7in hizmet veren \u00f6zel sunuculard\u0131r. Farkl\u0131 DNS sunucu t\u00fcrleri :<\/p>

    1. Rekurzif DNS Sunucular\u0131:<\/strong> Bu sunucular, istemci cihazlar\u0131n DNS sorgular\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r ve bu sorgular\u0131 di\u011fer sunuculara ileterek sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zer. \u0130stemci cihazlardan gelen taleplere yan\u0131t verirler.<\/li><\/ol>
      1. Otoritatif DNS Sunucular\u0131: <\/strong>Bu sunucular, belirli bir alan ad\u0131 alan\u0131 i\u00e7in yetkilendirilmi\u015f kay\u0131tlar\u0131 depolar ve \u00e7\u00f6zer. Alan adlar\u0131n\u0131n kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 tutarlar ve bu kay\u0131tlara ba\u015fvurularak sorgular\u0131 yan\u0131tlarlar.<\/li><\/ol>

        DNS’in temel i\u015flevleri ve farkl\u0131 sunucu t\u00fcrleri, internetin d\u00fczg\u00fcn ve etkin bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan kritik bile\u015fenlerdir. Bu sistemler, internetin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi ve geli\u015fmesinde \u00f6nemli bir rol oynamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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        DNS Sorgulama S\u00fcreci<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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        DNS sorgulama s\u00fcreci, bir kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n veya cihaz\u0131n bir alan ad\u0131n\u0131 IP adresine \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemek i\u00e7in DNS’e yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 iste\u011fi kapsar. Ad\u0131mlar\u0131 ise :<\/p>

        1. Sorgunun Ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131: <\/strong>Kullan\u0131c\u0131 veya cihaz, bir web sitesine eri\u015fmek veya bir hizmeti kullanmak i\u00e7in alan ad\u0131n\u0131 taray\u0131c\u0131ya veya uygulamaya girer. Taray\u0131c\u0131 veya uygulama, bu alan ad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemek i\u00e7in DNS sunucusuna bir sorgu g\u00f6nderir.<\/li><\/ol>
          1. \u00d6nbellek Sorgusu:<\/strong> \u00d6nce, kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n bilgisayar\u0131 veya yerel DNS sunucusu, daha \u00f6nce \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmi\u015f olan bir alan ad\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nbelle\u011fe alabilir. Bu durumda, IP adresi do\u011frudan al\u0131n\u0131r ve sorgu DNS sunucusuna iletilmez.<\/li><\/ol>
            1. Yerel DNS Sunucusuna Sorgu \u0130letilmesi: <\/strong>E\u011fer \u00f6nbellekte bir sonu\u00e7 bulunamazsa, yerel DNS sunucusuna sorgu iletir. Yerel sunucu, sorguyu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemek i\u00e7in k\u00f6k DNS sunucular\u0131na veya ba\u015fka bir otoritatif DNS sunucusuna y\u00f6nlendirme yapabilir.<\/li><\/ol>
              1. Otoritatif Sunucuya Sorgu \u0130letilmesi: <\/strong>Yerel DNS sunucusu, sorguyu ilgili alan ad\u0131n\u0131n otoritatif sunucusuna iletir. Otoritatif sunucu, bu alan ad\u0131 i\u00e7in kay\u0131tl\u0131 IP adresini sa\u011flar.<\/li><\/ol>
                1. Cevab\u0131n Geri D\u00f6nmesi ve \u00d6nbelle\u011fe Al\u0131nmas\u0131: <\/strong>Yerel DNS sunucusu, ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 IP adresini kullan\u0131c\u0131ya veya cihaza iletir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, bu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemeyi bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nbelle\u011fe alabilir, b\u00f6ylece gelecekteki sorgular i\u00e7in tekrar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleme yapmaya gerek kalmaz.<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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                  DNS G\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve Sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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                  DNS (Domain Name System), internetin temel bile\u015fenlerinden biridir ve bilgisayarlar\u0131n, cihazlar\u0131n ve di\u011fer a\u011f kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n alan adlar\u0131na eri\u015fimini sa\u011flar. Ancak, DNS’e y\u00f6nelik \u00e7e\u015fitli sald\u0131r\u0131lar ve tehditler vard\u0131r, bu da internet g\u00fcvenli\u011fini tehlikeye atabilir. \u0130\u015fte yayg\u0131n olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen DNS sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131:<\/p>

                  1. Sahte DNS Cevaplar\u0131: <\/strong>Bu sald\u0131r\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcnde, sald\u0131rganlar, sahte DNS cevaplar\u0131 g\u00f6ndererek kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 yan\u0131ltmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n do\u011fru web sitesine gitmek yerine, sahte bir web sitesine y\u00f6nlendirilmelerini sa\u011flarlar. B\u00f6ylece, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar hassas bilgilerini girerken doland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olurlar.<\/li><\/ol>
                    1. DNS Y\u00fckseltme: <\/strong>Bu sald\u0131r\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcnde, sald\u0131rganlar, a\u00e7\u0131k DNS sunucular\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda veriyi hedeflenen bir IP adresine g\u00f6ndererek bir DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131rlar. Bu, hedeflenen sistem veya a\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6kmesine veya i\u015flevsiz hale gelmesine neden olabilir.<\/li><\/ol>
                      1. DNS \u00dcst Veri Manip\u00fclasyonu: <\/strong>Bu sald\u0131r\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcnde, sald\u0131rganlar, DNS \u00fcst verilerini de\u011fi\u015ftirerek internet trafi\u011fini manip\u00fcle edebilirler. \u00d6rne\u011fin, e-posta teslimat\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6nlendirerek ileti\u015fimi engelleyebilir veya web sitesi eri\u015fimini engelleyebilirler.<\/li><\/ol>
                        1. DNS Zehirlenmesi: <\/strong>Bu sald\u0131r\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcnde, sald\u0131rganlar, bir DNS sunucusunun \u00f6nbelle\u011fine sahte bilgiler ekleyerek, gelecekteki sorgular\u0131n yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 manip\u00fcle edebilirler. Bu, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n do\u011fru web sitelerine eri\u015fimini engelleyebilir veya sahte web sitelerine y\u00f6nlendirilmesine neden olabilir.<\/li><\/ol>

                          Bu sald\u0131r\u0131lar, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fini ve internetin d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 tehdit eder. DNS g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in, g\u00fcvenilir DNS sunucular\u0131 kullan\u0131lmal\u0131, g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemleri al\u0131nmal\u0131 ve d\u00fczenli olarak g\u00fcncellemeler yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, DNS protokol\u00fcn\u00fcn daha g\u00fcvenli ve dayan\u0131kl\u0131 hale getirilmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemleri ve teknolojiler geli\u015ftirilmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca di\u011fer yaz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131za buradan<\/a> ula\u015fabilirsiniz.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                          DNS Temel \u0130\u015flevleri DNS (Domain Name System), internet \u00fczerindeki alan adlar\u0131n\u0131 IP adreslerine \u00e7eviren bir sistemdir. Bu, insanlar\u0131n anlayabilece\u011fi alan adlar\u0131n\u0131 (\u00f6rne\u011fin, www.example.com) bilgisayarlar\u0131n anlayabilece\u011fi IP adreslerine (\u00f6rne\u011fin, 192.0.2.1) d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr. DNS’in temel i\u015flevleri \u015funlard\u0131r: Alan Ad\u0131 \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleme: DNS’in ana i\u015flevi, alan adlar\u0131n\u0131 IP adreslerine \u00e7\u00f6zmektir. Bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 bir web sitesine eri\u015fmek istedi\u011finde, taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 alan ad\u0131n\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":7115,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-7108","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-domain"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.venitron.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7108","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.venitron.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.venitron.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.venitron.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.venitron.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7108"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.venitron.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7108\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7499,"href":"https:\/\/www.venitron.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7108\/revisions\/7499"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.venitron.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7115"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.venitron.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7108"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.venitron.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7108"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.venitron.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7108"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}